Test configuration

Learn how to configure Bun test behavior using bunfig.toml and command-line options

Configure bun test via bunfig.toml file and command-line options. This page documents the available configuration options for bun test.

Configuration File

You can configure bun test behavior by adding a [test] section to your bunfig.toml file:

bunfig.toml

[test]
# Options go here

Test Discovery

root

The root option specifies a root directory for test discovery, overriding the default behavior of scanning from the project root.

bunfig.toml

[test]
root = "src"  # Only scan for tests in the src directory

This is useful when you want to:

Limit test discovery to specific directories
Exclude certain parts of your project from test scanning
Organize tests in a specific subdirectory structure

Examples

bunfig.toml

[test]
# Only run tests in the src directory
root = "src"

# Run tests in a specific test directory
root = "tests"

# Run tests in multiple specific directories (not currently supported - use patterns instead)
# root = ["src", "lib"]  # This syntax is not supported

Preload Scripts

Load scripts before running tests using the preload option:

bunfig.toml

[test]
preload = ["./test-setup.ts", "./global-mocks.ts"]

This is equivalent to using --preload on the command line:

terminal

$ bun test --preload ./test-setup.ts --preload ./global-mocks.ts

Common Preload Use Cases

test-setup.ts

// Global test setup
import { beforeAll, afterAll } from "bun:test";

beforeAll(() => {
  // Set up test database
  setupTestDatabase();
});

afterAll(() => {
  // Clean up
  cleanupTestDatabase();
});

global-mocks.ts

// Global mocks
import { mock } from "bun:test";

// Mock environment variables
process.env.NODE_ENV = "test";
process.env.API_URL = "http://localhost:3001";

// Mock external dependencies
mock.module("./external-api", () => ({
  fetchData: mock(() => Promise.resolve({ data: "test" })),
}));

Timeouts

Default Timeout

Set the default timeout for all tests:

bunfig.toml

[test]
timeout = 10000  # 10 seconds (default is 5000ms)

This applies to all tests unless overridden by individual test timeouts:

test.ts

// This test will use the default timeout from bunfig.toml
test("uses default timeout", () => {
  // test implementation
});

// This test overrides the default timeout
test("custom timeout", () => {
  // test implementation
}, 30000); // 30 seconds

Reporters

JUnit Reporter

Configure the JUnit reporter output file path directly in the config file:

bunfig.toml

[test.reporter]
junit = "path/to/junit.xml"  # Output path for JUnit XML report

This complements the --reporter=junit and --reporter-outfile CLI flags:

terminal

# Equivalent command line usage
$ bun test --reporter=junit --reporter-outfile=./junit.xml

Multiple Reporters

You can use multiple reporters simultaneously:

terminal

# CLI approach
$ bun test --reporter=junit --reporter-outfile=./junit.xml

# Config file approach

bunfig.toml

[test.reporter]
junit = "./reports/junit.xml"

[test]
# Also enable coverage reporting
coverage = true
coverageReporter = ["text", "lcov"]

Memory Usage

smol Mode

Enable the --smol memory-saving mode specifically for the test runner:

bunfig.toml

[test]
smol = true  # Reduce memory usage during test runs

This is equivalent to using the --smol flag on the command line:

terminal

$ bun test --smol

The smol mode reduces memory usage by:

Using less memory for the JavaScript heap
Being more aggressive about garbage collection
Reducing buffer sizes where possible

This is useful for:

CI environments with limited memory
Large test suites that consume significant memory
Development environments with memory constraints

Automatically run test files matching a glob pattern with concurrent test execution enabled. This is useful for gradually migrating test suites to concurrent execution or for running specific test types concurrently.

bunfig.toml

[test]
concurrentTestGlob = "**/concurrent-*.test.ts"  # Run files matching this pattern concurrently

Test files matching this pattern will behave as if the --concurrent flag was passed, running all tests within those files concurrently. This allows you to:

Gradually migrate your test suite to concurrent execution
Run integration tests concurrently while keeping unit tests sequential
Separate fast concurrent tests from tests that require sequential execution

The --concurrent CLI flag will override this setting when specified, forcing all tests to run concurrently regardless of the glob pattern.

randomize

Run tests in random order to identify tests with hidden dependencies:

bunfig.toml

[test]
randomize = true

seed

Specify a seed for reproducible random test order. Requires randomize = true:

bunfig.toml

[test]
randomize = true
seed = 2444615283

rerunEach

Re-run each test file multiple times to identify flaky tests:

bunfig.toml

[test]
rerunEach = 3

Coverage Options

Basic Coverage Settings

bunfig.toml

[test]
# Enable coverage by default
coverage = true

# Set coverage reporter
coverageReporter = ["text", "lcov"]

# Set coverage output directory
coverageDir = "./coverage"

Skip Test Files from Coverage

Exclude files matching test patterns (e.g., *.test.ts) from the coverage report:

bunfig.toml

[test]
coverageSkipTestFiles = true  # Exclude test files from coverage reports

Coverage Thresholds

The coverage threshold can be specified either as a number or as an object with specific thresholds:

bunfig.toml

[test]
# Simple threshold - applies to lines, functions, and statements
coverageThreshold = 0.8

# Detailed thresholds
coverageThreshold = { lines = 0.9, functions = 0.8, statements = 0.85 }

Setting any of these enables fail_on_low_coverage, causing the test run to fail if coverage is below the threshold.

Threshold Examples

bunfig.toml

[test]
# Require 90% coverage across the board
coverageThreshold = 0.9

# Different requirements for different metrics
coverageThreshold = {
  lines = 0.85,      # 85% line coverage
  functions = 0.90,  # 90% function coverage
  statements = 0.80  # 80% statement coverage
}

Coverage Path Ignore Patterns

Exclude specific files or file patterns from coverage reports using glob patterns:

bunfig.toml

[test]
# Single pattern
coveragePathIgnorePatterns = "**/*.spec.ts"

# Multiple patterns
coveragePathIgnorePatterns = [
  "**/*.spec.ts",
  "**/*.test.ts",
  "src/utils/**",
  "*.config.js",
  "generated/**",
  "vendor/**"
]

Files matching any of these patterns will be excluded from coverage calculation and reporting. See the coverage documentation for more details and examples.

Common Ignore Patterns

bunfig.toml

[test]
coveragePathIgnorePatterns = [
  # Test files
  "**/*.test.ts",
  "**/*.spec.ts",
  "**/*.e2e.ts",

  # Configuration files
  "*.config.js",
  "*.config.ts",
  "webpack.config.*",
  "vite.config.*",

  # Build output
  "dist/**",
  "build/**",
  ".next/**",

  # Generated code
  "generated/**",
  "**/*.generated.ts",

  # Vendor/third-party
  "vendor/**",
  "third-party/**",

  # Utilities that don't need testing
  "src/utils/constants.ts",
  "src/types/**"
]

Sourcemap Handling

Internally, Bun transpiles every file. That means code coverage must also go through sourcemaps before they can be reported. We expose this as a flag to allow you to opt out of this behavior, but it will be confusing because during the transpilation process, Bun may move code around and change variable names. This option is mostly useful for debugging coverage issues.

bunfig.toml

[test]
coverageIgnoreSourcemaps = true  # Don't use sourcemaps for coverage analysis

When using this option, you probably want to stick a // @bun comment at the top of the source file to opt out of the transpilation process.

Install Settings Inheritance

The bun test command inherits relevant network and installation configuration (registry, cafile, prefer, exact, etc.) from the [install] section of bunfig.toml. This is important if tests need to interact with private registries or require specific install behaviors triggered during the test run.

bunfig.toml

[install]
# These settings are inherited by bun test
registry = "https://npm.company.com/"
exact = true
prefer = "offline"

[test]
# Test-specific configuration
coverage = true
timeout = 10000

Environment Variables

Environment variables for tests should be set using .env files. Bun automatically loads .env files from your project root. For test-specific variables, create a .env.test file:

.env.test

NODE_ENV=test
DATABASE_URL=postgresql://localhost:5432/test_db
LOG_LEVEL=error

Then load it with --env-file:

terminal

$ bun test --env-file=.env.test

Complete Configuration Example

Here's a comprehensive example showing all available test configuration options:

bunfig.toml

[install]
# Install settings inherited by tests
registry = "https://registry.npmjs.org/"
exact = true

[test]
# Test discovery
root = "src"
preload = ["./test-setup.ts", "./global-mocks.ts"]

# Execution settings
timeout = 10000
smol = true

# Coverage configuration
coverage = true
coverageReporter = ["text", "lcov"]
coverageDir = "./coverage"
coverageThreshold = { lines = 0.85, functions = 0.90, statements = 0.80 }
coverageSkipTestFiles = true
coveragePathIgnorePatterns = [
  "**/*.spec.ts",
  "src/utils/**",
  "*.config.js",
  "generated/**"
]

# Advanced coverage settings
coverageIgnoreSourcemaps = false

# Reporter configuration
[test.reporter]
junit = "./reports/junit.xml"

CLI Override Behavior

Command-line options always override configuration file settings:

bunfig.toml

[test]
timeout = 5000
coverage = false

terminal

# These CLI flags override the config file
$ bun test --timeout 10000 --coverage
# timeout will be 10000ms and coverage will be enabled

Conditional Configuration

You can use different configurations for different environments:

bunfig.toml

[test]
# Default test configuration
coverage = false
timeout = 5000

# Override for CI environment
[test.ci]
coverage = true
coverageThreshold = 0.8
timeout = 30000

Then in CI:

terminal

# Use CI-specific settings
$ bun test --config=ci

Validation and Troubleshooting

Invalid Configuration

Bun will warn about invalid configuration options:

bunfig.toml

[test]
invalidOption = true  # This will generate a warning

Common Configuration Issues

Path Resolution: Relative paths in config are resolved relative to the config file location
Pattern Matching: Glob patterns use standard glob syntax
Type Mismatches: Ensure numeric values are not quoted unless they should be strings

bunfig.toml

[test]
# Correct
timeout = 10000

# Incorrect - will be treated as string
timeout = "10000"

Debugging Configuration

To see what configuration is being used:

terminal

# Show effective configuration
$ bun test --dry-run

# Verbose output to see configuration loading
$ bun test --verbose

Test configuration

Configuration File

Test Discovery

root

Examples

Preload Scripts

Common Preload Use Cases

Timeouts

Default Timeout

Reporters

JUnit Reporter

Multiple Reporters

Memory Usage

smol Mode

Test execution

concurrentTestGlob

randomize

seed

rerunEach

Coverage Options

Basic Coverage Settings

Skip Test Files from Coverage

Coverage Thresholds

Threshold Examples

Coverage Path Ignore Patterns

Common Ignore Patterns

Sourcemap Handling

Install Settings Inheritance

Environment Variables

Complete Configuration Example

CLI Override Behavior

Conditional Configuration

Validation and Troubleshooting

Invalid Configuration

Common Configuration Issues

Debugging Configuration

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